The Lilies of the Field :: essays papers

Vocabulary From â€Å"The Lilies of the Field† Amiable- to be friendly and noble. â€Å"A sculptor would have interpreted the features in terms of character, but Homer Smith’s mother had once said of him that he was two parts amiable and one part plain devil.†Antagonism- to be angry; hostile.â€Å"Homer felt antagonism stir in him, but it was a fine day and he was carrying the day in his spirit.† Pantomime- a routine â€Å"She went through the pantomime of shaking hands with one of the nuns and he told her what she was doing, pointing out the â€Å"you† and the â€Å"her.† â€Å"Segregated- to be set separated from others.â€Å"â€Å"If you learn English from me,† he said apologetically, â€Å"you’re sure enough going to get yourselves segregated some places.†Ã¢â‚¬Å" Dilemma- a problem that has multiple solutions but all having a downfall. â€Å"She did not have the authority to except gifts, but she lacked the vocabulary necessary to refuse acceptance or to explain her dilemma.†Debris- Left over wreckage.â€Å"The warmth of the day touched his skin and he was looking toward the debis in the foundation. Alternative- another way or idea. â€Å"He created a refuse pile that would have to be leveled off some day but he had no alternative and it did not worry him.† Ultimately- above all else â€Å"She wants a place ultimately for poor boys from the city; Spanish-speaking boys who get in trouble.† Exultation- rejoice â€Å"Loneliness had long since dropped away from him and he felt exultation.† Elude- escaped â€Å"He wanted to mingle his voice with these others but the words eluded him so long as he regarded them as words; when he thought of them merely as sounds, they made a pattern in his mind.† Reverence- purity.â€Å" When he walked to the station wagon, he was empty of thought but was filled with the throbbing sound, a happy feeling of reverence.† Dismay- to be afraid.â€Å" The expenditure dismayed him but he assured himself that he would pay the money back to his fund out of his pay on Friday.†Voracious- hungry He turned to his right on a rutted road and the nuns were in the field, working on their variegated crop, fighting for their growing stuff against weeds and voracious insects and the parched dryness of the soil.† Reluctant- unwilling. â€Å"He did not know whether he would still have a job with Livingston Construction Company and he was reluctant to leave his own job unguarded.

Crime Rate Soars in Abra Essay

I.INTRODUCTION: As if living up to its moniker â€Å"murder capital of the north,† shooting incidents in Abra in the first quarter of 2011 have almost tripled compared to those recorded in the same period in 2010, an election year. Based on records from the Abra Provincial Police Office (Abra-PPO), there were 14 shooting incidents from January to March in 2010 as against 36 cases recorded from January to March 27 this year. Statistically, this means that at least one shooting incident takes place every three days in this northern province. a.) Backround Of The Study Abra is a landlocked province in northern Luzon, which is consistently listed among hotspots during elections because of intense political rivalry and the presence of private armies. The current number of shooting incidents the year 2012 is more than a third of the 102 recorded shooting incidents. b.)Objectives: †¢To help people see, especially the youngsters, the negative effects of doing crimes. †¢To help people realize that crimes does not only destroys one entity but the whole country. †¢To let them see our place will not be progressive if some people will continue to do crimes specially killings. c.)Review Of Related Literature: REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7659 Sec. 5.The penalty of death for parricide under Article 246 of the same Code is hereby restored, so that it shall read as follows: â€Å"Art. 246.Parricide. – Any person who shall kill his father, mother, or child, whether legitimate of illegitimate, or any of his ascendants, or descendants, or his spouse, shall be guilty of parricide and shall be punished by the penalty of reclusion perpetua to death.† Sec. 6.Article 248 of the same Code is hereby amended to read as follows: â€Å"Art. 248.Murder. – Any person who, not falling  within the provisions of Article 246 shall kill another, shall be guilty of murder and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua, to death if committed with any of the following attendant circumstances: Sec. 7.Article 255 of the same Code is hereby amended to read as follows: â€Å"Art. 255.Infanticide. – The penalty provided for parricide in Article 246 and for murder in Article 248 shall be imposed upon any person who shall kil l any child less than three days of age. If any crime penalized in this Article be committed by the mother of the child for the purpose of concealing her dishonor, she shall suffer the penalty of prision mayor in its medium and maximum periods, and if said crime be committed for the same purpose by the maternal grandparents or either of them, the penalty shall be reclusion temporal.† Sec. 12.Section 2 of Republic Act No. 7080 (An Act Defining and Penalizing the Crime of Plunder) is hereby amended to read as follows: â€Å"Sec. 2.Definition of the Crime of Plunder; Penalties. – Any public officer who, by himself or in connivance with members of his family, relatives by affinity or consanguinity, business associates, subordinates or other persons, amasses, accumulates or acquires ill-gotten wealth through a combination or series of overt criminal acts as described in Section 1 (d) hereof in the aggregate amount or total value of at least Fifty million pesos (P50,000,000.00) shall be guilty of the crime of plunde r and shall be punished by reclusion perpetua to death. Any person who participated with the said public officer in the commission of an offense contributing to the crime of plunder shall likewise be punished for such offense. In the imposition of penalties, the degree of participation and the attendance of mitigating and extenuating circumstances, as provided by the Revised Penal Code, shall be considered by the court. The court shall declare any and all ill-gotten wealth and their interests and other incomes and assets including the properties and shares of stocks derived from the deposit or investment thereof forfeited in favor of the State.† d.)Framework: I must admit that Bangued or Abra in general is not on the top list of the many tourist attractions in the Ilocos or Cordillera Regions. The number-one most probable culprit may be the fact that some local tourists still have the stigma about NPA and the prevalent crimes in the province. And if there  are local tourists around, expect that they are just visiting for some business matters in the town capital. That leads me to my second most probable culprit: purpose of travelling. â€Å"Why should I go and visit Abra? What would I do in Bangued?† are just two of the many questions of some tourists, both local and international. e.)Statement of the problem: CRIME IS An act committed or omitted in violation of a law forbidding or commanding it and for which punishment is imposed upon conviction. Anywhere in the world is consider unsafe and dangerous. What makes a country, town or barangays even more dangerous and unsafe is when the politician themselves are busy killing each other instead of busy promoting peace and order in their respective area of assignment. Very sad to say this is the case with Bangued, Abra right now. At least here in Illinois our politicians are not at that situation yet and I hope, it will always be the case. f.)Hypothesis: I was born from Bangued, Abra and I am very disappointed to know and watch that my birthplace is becoming more of a killing fields. Abrenians are suffering because of these bad developments that our town is going through. Bad publicity doesn’t help at all when we are trying to promote our town as a good destination for tourist. It’s just very unsafe and dangerous place to be at right now. Politicians are busy killing each other instead of uniting for a better and prosperous Bangued, Abra. What a sad and proudless story to tell to our next generations. g.)Analysis: Shooting incidents have resulted in various crimes such as murder, homicide, frustrated murder, attempted murder and physical injury. It is not known if all shooting incidents have been documented by the Abra PNP. Early last year, several patients who sustained bullet wounds and checked in hospitals for treatment were not listed in police records. According to a short analysis in the Abra PNP report, the lower number of shooting incidents in 2010 was attributed to the Commission on Election’s (COMELEC) gun ban â€Å"implemented prior to the conduct of the National and Local Election.† â€Å"This  fact denotes that Total Gun Ban in the province is beneficial to the reduction of crimes committed with the use of firearms,† â€Å"Poverty and lack of job opportunities are the reasons why being a ‘hired killer’ has become a profession.†

Internship Report on Banking Business Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited, Satmasjid Road Branch Dhaka.

Internship Report On BANKING BUSINESS ACTIVITIES OF MERCANTILE BANK LIMITED, SATMASJID ROAD BRANCH DHAKA. [pic] Submission Date: 15th November, 2009 Prepared for: Prof. Md. Ashraf Hossain Dean, School Of Business Asian University of Bangladesh Dhanmondi Complex House 36, Road 27 (Old), 16 (New) Dhanmondi R/A, Dhaka-1209 [pic] Prepared By: JOBYDA JESMIN ID: 200521050 Batch: 24th Section: Finance Program: BBA Dhanmondi Complex Asian University of Bangladesh Letter of Transmittal 15th November, 2009 Prof. Md. Ashraf Hossain Dean, School of Business Asian University of Bangladesh Subject: Submission of Internship Report. Sir, It’s my great pleasure to submit the Internship report titled â€Å"Banking Business Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited† that you have asked me to prepare as a partial fulfillment of my graduation. I have tried my best during three months working period to follow the instruction of you in preparing this report. Throughout the report I tried to demonstrate the available services matter of this branch of Mercantile Bank Limited. Finally, I would like to thank you for your valuable guidance and advice for preparing this report. I thereby strongly hope and believe that you would be kind enough to accept this report and give me a pleasure to be obliged. Thanking for your time and reviews. Sincerely Yours, JOBYDA JESMIN ID: 200521050 Batch: 24th Section: Finance Program: BBA Dhanmondi Complex Asian University of Bangladesh Acknowledgement First of all I would like to express my deep gratitude to the almighty Allah for preparing this internship report successfully. Internship is the part of the Bachelor of Business Administration (B. B. A. ) program that provides on the job experience for the students. The students get chance to work closely with the people of the organization and learn about the functions, responsibility and the environment of the organization. The internship program enables a student to develop their analytical skills and scholastic aptitudes and to have a real-life orientation of the academic knowledge. I express my deep gratefulness to Mr. Md. Sadruzzaman, Executive Vice President, for his kind permission to allow me for three months practical orientation in Mercantile Bank. My special gratitude goes to Mr. Shamim Ahmed, Senior Vice-President & Manager of Mercantile Bank Ltd, Satmasjid Road Branch, for his modern outlook and meticulous supervision to carry out the job perfectly. I am very grateful to Mr. Mamun Hossain, Executive Officer, for helping me a lot. Moreover I am very much thankful to my internship in-charge in various departments and all the officers of Mercantile Bank Ltd of Satmasjid Road Branch for helping me very much although having their busyness. Without their help and friendly cooperation it could be very much difficult for me to complete the report in time. So again I want to express my gratitude to all of them. Acronyms |MBL |= |Mercantile Bank Ltd. | |AD |= |Authorize Dealer | |PO |= |Pay Order | |A/C |= |Account | |CDS |= |Central Depository System | |DD |= |Demand Draft |ERC |= |Export Registration Certificate | |FDBC |= |Foreign Documentary Bills For Collection | |OBC |= |Outward Bills for collection | |IBC |= |Inward Bills for Collection | |GDP |= |Gross Domestic Product | |TT |= |Telegraphy Transfer | |L/C |= |Letter Of Credit | |BR |= |Bankers Report | |IBCA |= |Inter branch credit advice | |IBDA |= |Inter Branch Debit Advice | |IMF |= |International Monitory Fund | |IRC |= |Import Registration Certificate | |KYC |= |Know Your Customer | |CCI & E |= |Chief Controller Of Import & Export | |LDBP |= |Local Documentary Bills Purchases | |FC |= |Foreign Currency | |TIN |= |Tax Identification Number | |LCAF |= |Letter of Credit Authorization Form | |BTB |= |Back to Back | |FDBC |= |Foreign Document Bill Collection | |SWIFT | = |Society For Worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunication | |FDBP |= |Foreign Documentary Bill Purchased | Executive Summery This is an internship report based on the internship program took place in Mercantile Bank Ltd, Satmasjid Road Branch, The main objective of this report is to analyze the Banking Business Activities and performance of Mercantile Bank Ltd. I got only three months to gather practical knowledge from this branch, although it was too difficult to gather maximum and proper knowledge within this short range of time. There is a great supportive role of banking system in human society. It plays a vital role for the economic development of a country. Banks are financial-service firms, producing and selling professional management of the public's funds as well as performing many other roles in the economy. The study was to analyze Banking Business Activities of Mercantile Bank Ltd, Satmasjid Road Branch especially: ? General banking ? Foreign Exchange and remittance Credit & Advance department Firstly, I worked for one month in General Banking. During this period I tried my best to cover most o f the basic stuffs. Clearing section was important part to focus on. There were other sections such as Account opening section, Computer section, Cash counter section. Second month I worked in the Loan and Advance sector. And I tried my best to understand what to deal about, what to think about when approaching for any loan proposal. In the final days, I was in Foreign Exchange department. There I was involved in learning the Import LC, Export LC, the operation of back to back LC, Lodgment & settlement of LC, IBP & FBP etc. Most of all I tried heart & soul to present all that I have learnt & thought to be comprehensive to me. Though a short time I got to be introduced with all the activities of bank but I tried my best to give full of me in the practical orientation in bank as well as in the report writing. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One Introduction Page No. 1. 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 11 1. 2 Background of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 12 1. 3 Rational of the Report†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 12 1. 4 Object ives of the Report †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 1. 5 Methodology †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 14 1. 6 Scope of the report †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 15 1. 7 Limitations of the Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 Chapter Two Overview of Mercantile Bank Ltd. 2. 1 Banking sector in Bangladesh †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 2. 2 Historical background of MBL †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 18 2. 3 Vision Mission & objectives of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 2. 4 Core values†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 21 2. 5 Management aspect of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 22 2. 6 Divisional aspect of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 23 2. 7 Branch Network†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 24 2. 8 Information about the Satmasjid Road Branch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 26 2. 9 Financial Performance of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 27 2. 10 Nature of Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦28 2. 1 Financial Products and Services of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢ € ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 29 2. 12 Credit Policy of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 33 Chapter Three General Banking Activities 3. 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 35 3. 2 Account Opening†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 36 3. 3 Different Types of Scheme and Features†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 39 3. 4 Cash Department†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦45 3. 5 Clearing House†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 46 3. 6 Issuing PO, DD, TT †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 47 3. 7 Dispatch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 3. 8 Issuing Cheque†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 48 3. 9 Closing of an Account†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦49 Chapter Four Foreign Exchange Department 4. 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 52 4. 3 Letter of Credit (L/C) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 53 4. 4 Parties to Letter of Credit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 54 4. 5 Import Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 57 4. 6 Requirements of an importer to open an L/C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 58 4. 7 Lodgment of Import Document†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 62 4. 8 Export Section†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 65 4. Back to Back L/C †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 66 4. 10 Documents required for opening a Back to back L/C†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 66 4. 11 Foreign Remittance†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 67 4. 12 Foreign Correspondent Bank†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Five Credit DepartmentPage No. 5. 1 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 72 5. 2 Importance of Credit†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 73 5. 3 Forms of Advances†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 74 5. 4 Process of loan sanction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 75 5. 5 Different types of loan and interest rates†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 78 5. 6 Types of Credit Scheme made by the MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 79 5. Loan categori es and their Features†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 83 . 5. 8 Credit Policy of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦94 5. 9 Credit Risk Management of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 95 5. 10 Credit Risk Grading†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦97 5. 11 Mechanism of Credit Distribution of the MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 101 5. 12 Necessary Documents for Loan Settlement†¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 103 5. 13 Credit Recovery of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 104 Chapter Six Others Services of MBL 6. 1 Cards of MBL†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦108 6. 2 Online Banking†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦109 6. 3 SMS Banking services†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. .. 110 6. 4 SME Service Centre†¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 10 6. 5 MBL Brokerage House†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦111 Chapter Seven Conclusion 7. 1 Findings†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦ 113 7. 2 Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦ 114 7. 3 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦119 7. 4 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦ 120 [pic] Chapter: 01 INTRODUCTION 1. 1 Introduction 1. 2 Background of the study 1. 3 Rationale of the report: 1. 4Objectives of the Report 1. 5Methodology 1. 6Scope of the report 1. 7Limitations of the study 1. 1: Introduction Internship is a temporary work program in which a student can gain supervised practical experience in a particular professional field. It is the period of time during which a novice in a field serves in a subordinate capacity and continues to gain experience; the learning period before one becomes an expert. Practical Knowledge is highly needed to match with the theoretical idea and knowledge. Banking industries are the best organization to practice the theoretical knowledge. This sector plays very important role in the economic life of the nation. The health of the economy is closely related to the soundness of its banking system. Although banks create no new wealth but their borrowing, lending and related activities facilitate the process of production, distribution, exchange and consumption of wealth. In this way they become very effective partners in the process of economic development. Within our country there are government banks, semi government banks, private sector commercial banks of Bangladesh and also it is the second-generation private bank in Bangladesh. It started its important moment when Bangladesh economy was undergoing through massive economy reforms and pursing unilateral and multilateral trade liberalization with the backdrop of the World Bank made international Monitory Fund *IMF* recommendation. This Mercantile Bank Ltd with its 42 Branches in Manipulate location of the country providing the best quality services to the clients and customers. For the duration of my 3 months internship period from 1st July to 8th October , 2009 in Mercantile Bank Ltd. Those types of experiences I have acquired these are bring together to formulate this report. 1. 2. Background of the study: Banks play an important role in the business sector and promoting industrialization and economic development of a country. Banks provide necessary funds for executing various programs underway in the process of economic development. This paper is entitled â€Å"Overall Banking Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited† originated from the fulfillment of the internship program. I have selected this topic to have insight knowledge about the Activities of Mercantile Bank Limited and to get an idea about the various types of deposit, loan which are mostly provided. This study will also give me a vague idea about the rules and regulations of providing loan, loan recovery and overall lending functions of a commercial bank. After three months of internship period I am supposed to prepare this report revealing findings, knowledge as well as experience gathered during internship period. 1. 3. Rationale of the report: Knowledge and learning become perfect when it is associated with theory and practice. Theoretical knowledge gets its perfection with practical application. As our educational system predominantly text based, inclusion practical orientation program, as an academic component is as exception to the norm. As the parties, educational institution and the organization substantially benefit from such a program, it seems a â€Å"win-win situation†. It establishes contracts and networking contracts. Contracts may help to get a job. That is, students can train and prepare themselves for the job market. A poor country like Bangladesh has an overwhelming number of unemployed educated graduates. As they have no internship experience they have not been able to gain normal professional experience of establish networking system, which is important in getting a job. Recognizing the importance of practical experience, an opportunity is offered by Asian University of Bangladesh for ts potential business graduates to get three months practical experience, which is known is as â€Å"Internship Program†. For the competition of this internship program, the author of the study was placed in a bank namely, â€Å"Mercantile Bank Limited†. Internship Program brings a student closer to th e real life situation and thereby helps to launch a career with some prior experience. 1. 4. Objectives of the Report: ? Broad Objective The study was conducted to make a review and analysis of the activities of MBL which include General banking, Credit Department and Foreign Exchange Sector. This paper attempts to discuss overall activities of MBL prescribed so far by Bangladesh Bank with a view to ensuring financial soundness of the banking sector. The purpose was also to make recommendations for improving the quality and soundness of those processes for consideration of the bank management. ? Specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study are as follows: †¢ To present an over view of MBL. †¢ To know about the area of general Banking. †¢ To analysis the Lending procedures maintained by MBL. †¢ To observe principal Lending activities of MBL. †¢ To evaluate Lending performance of MBL. †¢ To know Foreign Exchange operations of MBL. †¢ To recommend suggestions for the successful Banking Operations of MBL. 1. 5. Methodology: For teaming up the data & information collected through primary & secondary sources, I have used both qualitative & quantitative method. During my study I followed some methodology to find out the fact & feature of the Bank which are given as follows: (A) Area of study: My project is the overall activities of MBL with reference to Saatmasjid Road Branch, Dhaka. In order to carry out the research work, I focused on taking the interviews of the Personnel involved in the different departments, Manager and Senior Level Employees, Business Clients and Account Holders and Particular departmental heads. (B) Sources of data/information: I have collected my information/data from the following sources, which helped me to make this report. The source has divided by two parts. Such as, 01. Primary source 02. Secondary source Primary sources: Many of the data and information were collected from my practical experience and queries from the executives and from related instruments while doing my internship at MBL. Secondary sources: Secondary data are collected basically from observation & collection from Journals, Brochures, Annual Reports, Paper, Magazines, Publications, Books and others form of publications as well as websites. Different statistical tools like mean, frequency distribution, tabular and graphical presentation are used to analyze data. 1. 6. Scope of the report: In this report I tried to describe overall banking performance. This report is a descriptive study which tries to focus on the theories and practices of banking activities in the context of the financial institutions in Bangladesh. It will not focus on the comparable practices of other banks. The study has covered a curtail idea on MBL, operational scenario of three departments of Mercantile Bank Limited, Saatmasjid Road Branch. Mentioning that, operations of three departments are closely related to each department’s activity as well. This will eventually refer that how the bank help the customers securing their cash and assets, getting credit facility, repaying loan amount and bank’s regulatory compliance ,lending policy etc. Overall banking system for gathering experience, my scheduled time was divided in various departments, such as: Department |Days | |General Banking |25 | |Clearing |15 | |Investment & Credit |25 | |Foreign Exchange Division |25 | 1. 7. Limitations of the study: In conducting the study, some problems were cre ated which may be termed as limitations of the study. They are as follows: †¢ The study does not cover critical analysis and implementations of comparative study in an intensive manner. †¢ During my internship program up to date information was not published. †¢ Relevant papers and documents were not available sufficiently. The time of this study was very inadequate to obtain depth knowledge in every department. †¢ The bank officials though helpful in every respect do not have much time to explain the internal procedures. †¢ Another limitation of this report is Bank’s policy of not disclosing some data and information for obvious reason, which could be very much useful. †¢ This study completely depended on official records and annual reports. †¢ Sufficient record, publications, facts and figures were not available, these constraints narrowed the scope of accurate analysis. †¢ This report is restricted only to Mercantile Bank Ltd. [pic] Chapter: 02 Overview of Mercantile Bank Ltd. 2. 1. Banking sector in Bangladesh 2. 2. Historical Background of MBL: 2. 3. Vision, Mission and objectives of the bank: 2. 4. Core values 2. 5. Management aspect of MBL 2. 6. Divisional aspect of MBL: 2. 7. Branch Network 2. 8: Information about the Satmasjid Road Branch. 2. 9:Financial Performance of MBL 2. 10Nature of Business 2. 11. Financial products and services of MBL: 2. 12 Credit Policy of MBL 2. 1. Banking sector in Bangladesh: Banking system occupies an important place in an economy. A banking institution is indispensable in modern society. It plays a liberalization of economics policies in Bangladesh. Certainly banks can be identified by the functions they perform in the economy. Banks act as financial intermediary by transferring funds from savers to borrowers and in paying for goods and services. In 1971, Bangladesh, was East Pakistan, emerged as an independent country. In immediately nationalized the entire Banks expanding 3 Foreign Banks, six Nationalize Banks were thus formed. In 1983 a new policy was implemented allowing private sector participation in the industrialization. As a part of this process, two national commercial Banks were against denationalization and a number of Private Commercial Banks were allowed to operate. Among these Pubali Bank and Uttara Bank were the first to be decentralized. |Particulars Number of Banks | |Nationalized commercial Bank |04 | |Privatized commercial Bank |30 | |Specialize Bank |05 | |Foreign Bank |10 | |Co- Operative Bank |01 | |Grameen Bank |01 | |Total = |51 | Table 1: Schedule Banks in Bangladesh. 2. 2. Historical Background of MBL: Mercantile Bank Limited emerged as a new commercial bank to provide efficie nt banking services and to contribute socio-economic development of the country. The Bank commenced its operation on June 2, 1999. The Bank provides a broad range of financial services to its customers and corporate clients. The Board of Directors consists of eminent personalities from the realm of commerce and industries of the country. Mercantile Bank Ltd (MBL) was incorporated in Bangladesh as a Public Company, Limited by shares under the Companies Act 1994 as on May 20, 1999 and subsequently obtained Banking Operation License from Bangladesh Bank under the Bank Companies Act 1991 and commenced commercial operation on 02 June 1999 to provide efficient banking services and to contribute socio-economic development of the country. The bank has 42 branches and 3 SME service center. It has listed in the Stock Exchanges at Dhaka and Chittagong in 2003 and 2004 respectively. The Founder of MBL is committed to make it a little more different and a bit special qualitatively. This bank has new vision to fulfill and a new goal to achieve. The bank has been manned with talented and experienced personnel equipped with most modern technology so as to make it most efficient to meet the needs of 21st century. The Head Office of the Bank situated at 61, Dilkusha commercial Area, Dhaka. The Board of Directors consists of eminent personalities from the realm of commerce and industries of the country. The Authorized Capital of the Bank is Tk. 3000 million and the Paid -up Capital is Tk. 1798. 68 million. The Bank provides a broad range of financial services to its customers and corporate clients It has a large asset position comprising of Tk. 55928. 72 million in December 2008. [pic] 2. 3. Vision, Mission and objectives of the bank: Vision Would make finest corporate citizen Mission: Will become most caring, focused for equitable growth based on diversified deployment of resources, and nevertheless would remain healthy and gainfully profitable Bank. Objectives of Mercantile Bank: The objective of MBL is not only to earn profit but also to keep the social commitment and to ensure its co-operation to the persons of all level, to the businessman, industrialist – specially whom are engages in establishing large scale industry by consortium and the agro based export oriented medium and small scale industries by self inspiration. Strategic Objective: ? To achieve Economic Value Added (EVA) each year. ? To be market leader in product innovation. ? To be one of the top three financial institutions in Bangladesh in terms of cost efficiency. ? To be one of the top five financial institutions in Bangladesh in terms of market share in all significant market segments that the bank serve. Financial Objective: To achieve a return on shareholder’s equity of 20% or more, on average. 2. 4. Core values: For the Customers: providing with the caring services by being innovation in the development of new banking products and services. For the Shareholders: maximizing wealth of the bank. For The Employees: respecting worth dignity of individual employees devoting their energies for the progress of the bank. For the Community: strengthening the corporate values and taking environment and social risks and reward into account. INVESTORS INFORMATION: Investor can be informed about any information from Dhaka Stock Exchange Website and Bank’s website: †¢ www. dsebd. org †¢ www. mblbd. com 2. 5. Management aspect of MBL: The Board of Directors being at the highest level of organizational structure plays an important role on the policy formulation. The Board of Directors is not directly concern with day-to-day operation of Bank. They had delegated their authority to the Managing Director and CEO to look after the day-to-day affairs of the Bank. The Bank is running by an excellent management team under the direct supervision of a competent Board of Directors. The Board of Directors comprises total thirteen members, which is within the maximum limit as imposed by BPRD circular-12, dated April 26,2003of Bangladesh Bank, headed by the Chairman. Md. Abdul Jalil, is the present Chairman of the Board. The Managing Director (MD) and CEO head management team. Mr. Dewan Mujibur Rahman is the present Managing Director and CEO of MBL. The management hierarchy of Mercantile Bank Limited is given below: | Board of Directors | | Managing Director | | Additional Managing Director | | Deputy Managing Director | | Senior Executive Vice President | Executive Vice President | | Senior Vice President | | Vice President | | First Vice President | | Asst. Vice President | | First Asst. Vice President | |Senior Principal Officer | | Principal Officer | | Senior Officer | Officer | | Junior Officer | | Assistant Officer | Figure: The management hierarchy of MBL 2. 6. Divisional aspect of MBL: There are total fourteen divisions in the Head Office of MBL. List of various divisions of MBL is given below: | Audit and Inspection division | | Central Accounts Division | | | Credit Division | | Marketing, Development Banking Division | | General Services Division | |Human Resources Division | | International Division | | Information Technology Division | | Research Division | | Treasury Market Division | | Board Secretariat& Share Dept. | | Cost Control Dept. | Law & Recovery Dept. | | Card Cell | Fig: Divisions of MBL 2. 7. Branch Network: MBL is one of the 3rd generation commercial Bank in private sector of Bangladesh. The Bank within stipulation lay down by the Bank Company Act 1991 and directives as received from Bangladesh Bank from time to time provide all types of commercial Banking services. It has 42 branches all over the country and also enlisted the Dhaka and Chittagong stock exchange as publicly quoted company for its general class of share. |Bank's Name |Name of Region/Zone |No. f Branches | | |Dhaka |19 | | | | | | | | | | | | | |MERCANTILE BANK LIMITED | | | | |Gazipur |02 | | |Chittagong |06 | | |Sylhet |02 | | |Moulvibazar |01 | |Comilla |01 | | |Noakhali |01 | | |Bogra |01 | | |Rajshahi | 01 | | |Rangp ur |01 | | |Barisal |01 | | |Khulna |01 | | |Naogaon |02 | | |Cox’sbazar |01 | | |Feni |01 | | |Shariatpur |01 | | |Total Branches |42 | Table: Branches of MBL [pic] 2. 8: Information about the Satmasjid Road Branch: Address of Branch: Satmasjid Road Branch House: 735(old), 82/A (New) Road: 8/A (New), Satmasjid Road Dhanmondi, Dhaka-1205 e-mail:[email  protected] com Phone: 9139183, PABX: 8112463-4, 9141148 Fax: +88029139183 SWIFT: MBLB BD DH Opening Date: 1st November, 2004 as 22nd Branch of MBL. Number of Employees: 22 Name of Manager: Shamim Ahmed, Vice President & Head of Branch. Mercantile Bank has purchased the land and building of this Branch Last month where it operates. 2. 9: FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MERCANTILE BANK LIMITED: (BDT in million) MERCANTILE BANK LIMITED AT A GLANCE: Particulars |2005 |2006 |2007 |2008 | |Authorized Capital |1,200. 00 |3,000. 00 |3,000. 00 |3,000. 00 | |Paid-up Capital |999. 27 |1,199. 12 |1,498. 90 |1,798. 68 | |Total Assets |28,890. 48 |37,159. 65 |44,940. 54 |55,928. 72 | |Deposits |25,087. 43 |33,332. 65 |39,348. 00 |49,538. 36 | |Loan & Advances |21,857. 05 |26,842. 14 |31,8 77. 86 |41,993. 5 | |Import |33,271. 90 |42,442. 80 |40,380. 10 |56,528. 80 | |Export |24,108. 57 |34,592. 10 |32,670. 10 |43,108. 50 | |Remittance |679. 10 |2,989. 10 |3,510. 40 |4,722. 90 | |Profit after tax |386. 83 |494. 22 |540. 50 |615. 88 | |No. Of Branches |28 |35 |41 |42 | |No. Of Employees |663 |879 |945 |1115 | |No. Of Foreign Correspondents |266 |306 |584 |586 | 2. 10. Nature of Business: The Bank engaged in all types of commercial Banking services within the stipulations laid down by Bank Companies Act 1991 and directives as received from Bangladesh Bank from time to time. All types of Commercial Banking Services are provided by the Bank within the stipulations laid down by Bank Companies Act. 1991 and directives as received from Bangladesh Bank from time to time. Commercial Banking is the core activity of Mercantile Bank Limited. The bank serves all type customers ranging from individuals to corporate bodies, both private and public. Mainly MBL collects deposit from the people at lower rate and invests the same to the people again at higher rate. And difference between lower rate of deposit and higher rate of investment is the earnings of the Bank. MBL mainly invests in industrial sector like short term, Middle term as well as long term for import of capital machineries, establish new industry and working capital assistances with this Bank play’s a significant role in Bangladesh economy. The functions of commercial banks are now wide and varied. However the unctions of commercial banks may broadly be classified into the following three categories: 1. General Banking 2. Credit and investment 3. Foreign Trade (Import, Export & Remittance) 2. 11. Financial products and services of MBL: The bank has launched a number of financial products and services since its inception. Among them the followings have attained wide acceptance among the people ? Various Deposit Schemes : ? Double Benefit Deposit Scheme (DBDS) ? Family Maintenance Deposit (FMD) ? Mashik Sanchaya Prokalpa (MSK) Or Monthly Savings Scheme (MSS) ? Quarterly Benefit Deposit Scheme ? 1. 5 Times Benefit Deposit Scheme ? Advance Benefit Deposit Scheme (ABDS) Or Agrim Munafa Amanat Prokolpo (AMAP). Deposit Schemes : Monthly Saving Scheme The prime objective of this scheme is to encourage the people to develop their habit of saving. Under this scheme, one can save a fixed amount of return every month and get a lucrative amount of return after five, eight or ten years. Family Maintenance Deposit Scheme Under this scheme, one can deposit a certain amount of money for five years and in return he/she will receive benefits on monthly basis. Benefit start right from the first month of opening an account under the scheme and continue up to five years. On maturity the principal amount will be paid back. Double Benefit Deposit Scheme Under this scheme, one can deposit a certain amount of money for a six year period. After six years, the deposit amount will be doubled. Quarterly Benefit Deposit Scheme Under the Quarterly Benefit Deposit Scheme, one can deposit for a period of three years and in return depositor will receive benefits on quarterly basis. Benefit starts right from the first quarter of opening an account under the scheme and continues up to three years. On maturity the principal amount will be paid back. 1. 5 Time Benefit Deposit Scheme Under the 1. 5 Times Benefit Deposit Scheme, one can deposit a certain amount of money for 42 months or three and half years. On maturity, the depositor will receive 1. 5 time of the deposited amount. Advance Benefit Deposit Scheme Under this Scheme, one can deposit a certain amount of money for two years. The depositor will receive the benefit on yearly basis. The benefit amount of first year will be received in advance at the time of deposit. On maturity, the depositor will get back the principal amount with the benefit amount of second year. ? Various Credit Schemes : ? Consumers Credit Scheme (CCS) ? Car Loan Scheme ? Doctors Credit Scheme ? Rural Development Scheme ? Lease Financing ? Personal Loan ? Small Loan Loan Products: Consumer Credit Scheme Consumers' Credit Scheme is one of the popular areas of collateral-free finance of the Bank. People with limited income can avail of credit facility to buy household goods including computer and other consumer durables. Small Loan Scheme This scheme has been designed especially for the businessmen who need credit facility for their business and can't provide tangible securities. Lease Finance This scheme has been designed to assist and encourage the genuine and capable entrepreneurs and professionals for acquiring capital machineries, medical equipments, computers, vehicle and other items. Flexibility and easier terms and conditions of this scheme have attracted the potential entrepreneurs to acquire equipments of production and services and repay gradually from earnings on the basis of ‘Pay as you earn'. Doctors' Credit Scheme Doctors' Credit Scheme is designed to facilitate financing to fresh medical graduates and established physicians to acquire medical equipments and set up clinics and hospitals. Rural Development Scheme Rural Development Scheme targeted for the rural people of the country to make them self-employed through financing various income-generating projects. This scheme is operated on group basis. Woman Entrepreneurs Development Scheme Women Entrepreneurs Development Scheme has been introduced to encourage women in doing business. Under this scheme, the Bank finances the small and cottage industry projects sponsored by women. SME Loan Scheme Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) Loan Scheme has been introduced to provide financial assistance to new or experienced entrepreneurs to invest in small and medium scale industries with a comparatively low rate of interest as the same is assisted by the Bangladesh Bank with refinancing facilities. Personal Loan Scheme Personal Loan Scheme has been introduced to extend credit facilities to cater the needs of low and middle-income group for any purpose. Government and semi-government officials, employees of autonomous bodies, banks and other financial organizations, multinational companies, reputed private organizations and teachers of recognized public and private schools, colleges and universities are eligible for this loan. Car Loan Scheme Car Loan Scheme has been introduced to enable middle-income people to purchase Cars/SUVs/Jeeps. Government and semi-government officials, employees of autonomous bodies, banks and other financial organizations, multinational companies, reputed private organizations, teachers of recognized public and private universities and businessmen are eligible for this loan. Home Loan Scheme To meet the growing need of housing for middle and lower-middle income people, MBL has introduced Home Loan Scheme. We also support the Bangladesh Bank's Home Loan Refinance Scheme. The Scheme boosts up the growth of housing sector. Such loan shall be available for purchase or construction of new apartments for self-residing purpose. Overseas Employment Loan Scheme Overseas Employment Loan Scheme is designed to facilitate the Bangladeshi youths seeking employment aboard but who are unable to meet the expenses to reach the workplace from their own sources. The ultimate objectives of the scheme is to promote skilled / semi-skilled manpower to different countries across the world as well as to provide support to Government Policy considering priority of this sector. By availing loan under this scheme, the active youths of middle and lower middle class can get overseas employment by avoiding borrowing from the illustrious class or village ‘mohajon' at a very high cost or selling their paternal properties. The scheme helps fetching foreign currency for the country as well as fulfill the Bank's commitment to encourage micro-lending for poverty alleviation, improve the quality of life and thereby contribute to socio-economic development of the country. ? Foreign Exchange Services: ? Export Finance ? Import Finance ? Inward Remittance ? Issue L/C ? Shipping Guarantee 2. 12. Credit Policy of MBL: MBL credit policy contains the views of total macro-economic development of the county as a whole by way of providing financial support to the Trade, Commerce and Industry. Throughout its credit operation Mercantile Bank Limited goes to very possible corners of the society. They are financing large and medium scale business house and industry. At the same time they also takes care entrepreneurs through its operation of lease financing and some micro credit, Small Loan scheme etc. As a part of its Credit Policy MBL through its credit operation maintains commitment for social welfare. The bank is coming up with a scheme where the under privileged children will be given financial support for education and self-employment. From operational aspects it is observed that as a matter of policy. i. Mercantile Bank Limited put emphasis on the customer i. e. the ‘Man’ and the Business not on the Security in selecting borrowers. ii. It takes of diversity in credit portfolio. iii. It takes care maintaining proper Mix of short, medium and ling term finance in its credit portfolio usually they do not go for long term Finance for a period not exceeding 5 years. iv. Charging of interest is flexible depending on insisting of the proposal and the customer [pic] Chapter: 03 General Banking Activities: 3. 1: Introduction 3. 2: Account Opening 3. 3: Different Types of Scheme and Features 3. : Cash Department 3. 5: Clearing House 3. 6: Issuing PO, DD, TT 3. 7: Dispatch 3. 8: Issuing cheque 3. 9: Closing of an Account 3. 1: Introduction: All business concerns earn a profit through selling either a product or service. A bank does not produce any tangible product to sell but does offer a variety of financial ser vices to customers. General banking is the starting point of all the banking operations. It is the department, which provides day-to- day services to the customers. Everyday it receives deposits from the customers and meets their demand for cash by honoring cheque. It opens new accounts, remit funds, issue bank draft and pay orders etc. Since bank is confined to provide the service everyday, general banking is also known as retail banking. This section provides the following services: †¢ Primary Information †¢ Account Opening †¢ Cheque Issuing †¢ Pay order Issuing †¢ Issuing Telegraphic Transfer (TT) †¢ Issuing Demand Draft (DD) †¢ Dispatch patch †¢ Clearing †¢ Cash department PRIMARY INFORMATION Customer gets primary information about the bank’s services from this section. Then they are sent the other section under their demanding services. 3. 2: ACCOUNT OPENING: There are different types of account as offered by MBL: i. Savings Account ii. Current account iii. STD (Short term deposit) iv. FDR (Fixed deposit receipt) v. MSS (Monthly saving scheme) SAVINGS ACCOUNT This account is basically offered those customers who want to save money at any time. Customer can save his/ her money according to his/ her declaration. The minimum amount of opening charge of savings ac count is TK. 1,000. But it should be mentioned that when customer want to close the tax is deducted from the interest and have to pay closing charge TK. 100. If want to transfer customer have to pay TK. 200 for transfer charge. †¢ Requirements: †¢ Form must be properly filled up †¢ Have a introducer who introduce the account holder †¢ Two copies of passport size photograph of account holder †¢ One copy of passport size photograph of nominee Have to fill up declaration form where must mention amount of each transaction and annual turnover †¢ Have to fill KYC (Know Your Customer) form, †¢ Have to submit National ID Card ( for all customer) †¢ Have to submit student ID Card (for student) †¢ Have to submit trade license (for business) †¢ Deed (for partnership) †¢ Have to submit TIN number †¢ Have to submit photocopy of passport. ? CURRENT ACCOUNT Current account mainly opened for the Companies and partnership firm. The amount o f this account’s transaction would be big. The requirements of opening this account are given below. †¢ Requirements: For Individual / Joint Account †¢ Two photographs of account holder. †¢ Identity (copy of passport, National ID card, Commissioner Certificate). †¢ Joint Declaration Form (For joint a/c only). Employee’s Certificate (in case of service holder). †¢ One photographs of nominee. For Limited Company: †¢ Copy of valid trade license. †¢ Copy of certificate of incorporation. †¢ Certified Copy of Memorandum of Associations and Articles of Associations. †¢ Up to Date List of Directors. †¢ Board Resolution Regarding Opening and Operations of Bank Account With Mercantile Bank Limited †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Branch. †¢ (Resolution should be in accordance with the provision of Articles of Association of the Company. †¢ Copy of Certificate of Commencement of Business- for Public Limited Company Only. For Partnership Firms: †¢ Copy of valid trade license. †¢ Copy of Partnership Deed. Letter of Account Agreement (Partnership) Duly Signed by all The Partners in Their Personal Capacity. †¢ Letter of Partnership Duly Signed by All the Partners in Their Personal Capacity. Club / societies account †¢ Two photographs of each account holder. †¢ Board Resolution for Opening A/C duly certified by President/ Secretary. †¢ List of Existing Managing Committee. †¢ Registration (if any). †¢ Rubber Stamp. †¢ Permission letter from Bureau of N. G. O. (In case of N. G. O. A/C). ? SHORT TERM DEPOSIT(STD) This account is basically offered those customers who want to save money/ make transaction of a big amount at any time. The businessmen are mainly the customer of this account who makes huge amount transaction in a month. Customer can save his/ her money according to his/ her declaration. The minimum amount of opening charge of savings account is TK. 100,000. But it should be mentioned that when customer want to close, the tax is deducted from the interest and have to pay closing charge TK. 100. If want to transfer customer have to pay TK. 200 for transfer charge. Requirements: †¢ Form must be properly filled up †¢ Have a introducer who introduce the account holder †¢ Two copies of passport size photograph of account holder †¢ One copy of passport size photograph of nominee †¢ Have to fill up declaration form where must mention amount of each transaction and annual turnover †¢ Have to fill KYC (Know Your Customer) form, Have to submit National ID Card ( for all customer) †¢ Have to submit student ID Card (for student) †¢ Have to submit trade license (for business) †¢ Deed (for partnership) †¢ Have to submit TIN number †¢ Have to submit photocopy o f passport 3. 3:Different Types of Scheme and Features: ? MASHIK SHANCHOY SCHEME: The money is fixed up to a certain months or year. Bank gives them interest against this money. If customer doesn’t encashment his/ her fixed deposit at a time the amount is auto renewed and the interest is applied automatically at the account. |Amount |TK. 500 |TK. 1000 |TK. 1500 |TK. 2500 |TK. 000 | |Years | | | | | | |5 years |38250 |76500 |114750 |191250 |382500 | |8 years |71500 |143000 |214500 |357500 |715000 | |10 years |100000 |200000 |300000 |500000 |1000000 | ? DOUBLE BENEFIT SCHEME: Objectives: ? Give maximum benefit. ? Help in meeting specific needs like education, marriage etc. Deposit becomes double in seven and half years. Mode: Tenure of the deposit is 7. 5 years. Amount of DepositPeriod Amount Payable 1, 00,000 7. 5 Years 2, 00,000 Other Features: ? The Minimum amount of deposit is BDT 50,000. 00(Fifty thousand) or its multiples. ? All taxes/duty/levy and /or any other surcharge s presently in force or that may be imposed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) from time to time will be deducted/ recovered from the deposit account under this scheme. ? In case of premature encashment interest will be paid on Saving A/C Rate. ? Loan may be granted up to maximum 80% of the deposited amount but minimum principle amount must be BDT 20,000. 00. Loan processing fee be realized BDT 50. 00 only and usual stamp costs also be realized. For example: Initial amount is TK. 1000,000 The bank give interest TK. 100,000 against TK. 100,000 deposit Customer gets TK. 190,000 (200,000-100,[email  protected]% tax = TK. 190,000) Requirements: Form must be properly filled up, One copy of passport size photograph of account holder, One copy of passport size photograph of nominee, ? ADVANCED DEPOSIT SCHEME: Objectives: ? Get Extra benefit from Minimum Deposit. Mode: Maintained for a period of 2 (Two) years. Minimum deposit amount 1,00,000(One Lac) only. Interest Rate Per BDT One Lac : BDT 1 Lac (One Lac) , Tk. 9,500. 00 for first year Tk. ,09,250. 00 for second year. Other Features o All taxes/duty/levy and/or any other surcharges presently in force or that may be imposed by the government of Bangladesh from time to time in Deposit Accounts will also be applicable for the account for the account opened under this scheme and such taxes/duty/levy and/or any other surcharges shall be deducted/ recovered from the deposit account under this schemes. o Loan may be granted up to maximum 70% of deposit. ? Times Benefit Deposit Scheme Under the ‘1. 5 Times Benefit Deposit Scheme’ a deposit of minimum BDT 50,000. 00 (fifty thousand) or its multiples will be received for a period of 4. 2 years. On maturity, 1. 5 times of the deposited amount will be paid back to the account holder as per example given below: Example: Initial Deposit (BDT)50,000. 001, 00,000. 005, 00,000. 00 Return after 4. 2 years (BDT) 75,000. 00150000. 00 750000. 00 Other Features: ? All taxes/duty/levy and /or any other surcharges presently in force or that may be imposed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) from time to time will be deducted/ recovered from the deposit account under this scheme. ? In case of premature encashment interest will be paid on Saving A/C Rate. However, no interest shall be paid if premature encashment take place before expiry of 1 (one) year. In the event of death of the depositor before the maturity, the deposit account may be encased (premature) as per rule or may be continued up to maturity on written approach by the nominee(s). ? Loan may be granted up to maximum 80% of the deposited amount but minimum principle amount must be BDT 20,000. 00. ? Loan processing fee be real ized BDT 50. 00 only and usual stamp costs also be realized. ? FAMILY MAINTENANCE SCHEME Objectives: ? Help the retired persons for investing their retirement benefits. ? Create investment opportunities for Non-Resident Bangladeshi. ? Explore investment opportunities for school, college, university etc. ? Give investment opportunities for Trust; Foundation etc. Mode: Deposit a fixed amount of money for 05 (Five) years. Depositor will get a certain sum of money in each month proportion to his/her deposit during the entire tenure. Benefits: Tenure of deposit is 05 (Five) years. Minimum amount of required deposit is TK. 50,000. 00 or its multiple DepositMonthly Benefit (Amount in TK. ) 1, 00,000800 2, 00,0001, 600 3, 00,0002, 400 Other Features o The Minimum amount of deposit is BDT 50,000. 00 (Fifty thousand) or its multiples. o All taxes/duty/levy and /or any other surcharges persently in force or that may be imposed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) from time to time will be deducted/ recovered from the deposit account under this scheme. o In case of premature encashment interest will be paid on Saving A/C Rate. A saving account will be needed to be maintained to receive quarterly benefit payment. o Loan may be granted up to maximum 80% of the forced encashment value on the date of loan processing. During the period of continuation of loan, monthly benefits of FMD account will be credited only to loan account. o Loan processing fee be realized BDT 50. 00 only and stamp costs also be realized. ? QUARTERLY BENEFIT SCHEME The ‘Quarterly Benefit Deposit Scheme' will be maintained for a period of 3 (three) years and the minimum amount of deposit is BDT 50,000. 00 (fifty thousand) or its multiples. Interest will be paid on quarterly basis as per example given below. On maturity the principal amount will be paid back. Initial Deposit (BDT)TermQuarterly Benefit Payable (BDT) 50,000 3 Years 1,200 100,000 3 Years 2,400 200,000 3 Years 3,600 Other Features: ? All taxes/duty/levy and /or any other surcharges presently in force or that may be imposed by the Government of Bangladesh (GOB) from time to time will be deducted/ recovered from the deposit account under this scheme. ? Loan may be granted up to maximum 80% of the forced encashment value on the date of loan processing. During the period of continuation of loan, quarterly benefits will be credited only to loan account. ? Loan processing fee be realized BDT 50. 00 only and usual stamp costs also be realized. FIXED DEPOSIT: The money is fixed up to a certain months or year. Bank gives them interest against this money. If customer doesn’t encashment his/ her fixed deposit at a time the amount is auto renewed and the interest is applied automatically at the account. |Amount |Months/ Year |Interest | |TK. 10,000< |1 month/ 2 months/ 3 months |8. 5% | |TK. 10,000< |3 months< |11. 50% | o Form must be properly filled up One copy of passport size photograph of account holder o One copy of passport size photograph of nominee 3. 4: Cash Department: Opening of Cash: Beginning balance is used to start daily transaction & maintenance of Receipt and Payment Registers while receiving & paying different amount of cash. Previously issued cheque will be paid if issued 6 months before. Advance issued cheque cannot be made payment even one day before. Evening Banking: Can only receive cash. No payment can be made except some special cases. Issue Note: Notes issued by the bank & accepted by the people, fresh notes . Non-issue Note: Notes cannot be issued for public like torn, mutilated notes Soiled Notes etc. 3. 5: Clearing House: Functions of Clearing Clearing stands for mutual settlement of claims made in among member banks at an agreed time and place in respect of instruments drawn on each other. †¢ Clearing house is an arrangement under which member banks agree to meet, through their representative, at the appointed time and place to deliver instruments drawn on them. †¢ The net amount payable or receivable as the case may be, is settled through an account kept with the controlling bank (Bangladesh Bank). [pic] Types of clearing †¢ Outward clearing †¢ Inward clearing Types of returns †¢ Outward return †¢ Inward return Clearing (Outward) process: tier First tier: Collection Branch Second tier: Principal Branch/local office Third tier: Clearing house (Bangladesh Bank) Clearing (Inward) process: tier First tier: Clearing house (Bangladesh Bank) Second tier: Principal Branch/ Main Branch Third tier: Paying Branch 3. 6: ISSUEING PO, DD, TT: ? Pay Order: This is one type of security. This can not be transferred. Anyone can draw a pay order. The pay order can be encashment from any bank. |Amount |Commission |Vat | |1>10,000 |25 |4 | |10,000< 1,000,000 |50 |8 | |100,000

The Problems with Breast Enlargement essays

The Problems with Breast Enlargement essays Breast enlargement surgery is still popular with women, despite the dangers associated with it. One of the major problems with the breast implants used in most enlargement surgeries is that they only tend to last ten to twelve years - they tend to break in that time, and so, the woman must undergo surgery again to replace the implants, which is painful and expensive. In addition, if they break and leak, it is not usually at the same time, and they can cause infections, too. More importantly, implants can cause problems with mammograms and their effectiveness, so women with implants have less success with breast cancer screening. Silicone gel implants from several manufacturers, such as Dow Corning, were removed from the market several years ago, which indicates just how problematic these implants can be, but saline implants are still available, and these can create just as many problems as the gel implants with leakage, infection, There are other problems associated with breast implants and enlargement, too. If silicone gel implants break, they can leak dangerous silicone into the woman's body, and they must be removed, again resulting in additional surgery that can lead to scarring and pain. In addition, "one published study from Harvard Medical School found a 24 percent higher risk of connective tissue disease in women with silicone implants" (Garry 18). Many women have also reported that they have less sensation and feeling in their breasts after the surgery, and some have had the implants Breast implants can cause problems, but for many women, they are their only hope of normalcy after breast cancer surgery, which is in direct opposition to women who choose breast implants for cosmetic reasons. One expert noted, "Between 1.5 million and 1.8 million American women received silicone breast implants in 1997. Thirty percent of ...

A Biography of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr.

A Biography of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. In 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. was in Miami when he had a meeting with film producer Abby Mann, who was contemplating a movie biography about King. Mann asked the 37-year-old minister how the movie should end. King replied, It ends with me getting killed. Throughout his civil rights career, King was painfully aware that a number of white Americans wanted to see him destroyed or even dead, but he accepted the mantle of leadership anyway, assuming its heavy burden at the young age of 26. The 12 years the activist spent fighting first for civil rights and later against poverty changed America in profound ways and turned King into the moral leader of the nation, in A. Philip Randolphs words. Martin Luther Kings Childhood King was born on Jan. 15, 1929, to an Atlanta pastor, Michael (Mike) King, and his wife, Alberta King. Mike Kings son was named after him, but when little Mike was five, the elder King changed his name and his sons name to Martin Luther, suggesting that both had a destiny as great as the founder of the Protestant Reformation. The Rev. Martin Luther King Sr. was a prominent pastor among African Americans in Atlanta, and his son grew up in a comfortable middle-class environment. King Jr. was an intelligent boy who impressed his teachers with his efforts to expand his vocabulary and sharpen his speaking skills. He was a dutiful member of his fathers church, but as he grew older, he did not show much interest in following in his fathers footsteps. On one occasion, he told a Sunday school teacher that he did not believe that Jesus Christ was ever resurrected. Kings experience in his youth with segregation was mixed. On the one hand, King Jr. witnessed his father stand up to white policemen who called him boy instead of reverend. King Sr. was a strong man who demanded the respect he was due. But, on the other hand, King himself had been subject to a racial epithet in a downtown Atlanta store. When he was 16, King, accompanied by a teacher, went to a small town in southern Georgia for an oratorical contest; on the way home, the bus driver forced King and his teacher to give up their seats to white passengers. King and his teacher had to stand for the three hours it took to return to Atlanta. King later noted that he had never been angrier in his life. Higher Education Kings intelligence and excellent schoolwork led him to skip two grades in high school, and in 1944, at the age of 15, King began his university studies at Morehouse College while living at home. His youth did not hold him back, however, and King joined the college social scene. Classmates remembered his stylish mode of dressa fancy sport coat and wide-brimmed hat. King became more interested in the church as he grew older. At Morehouse, he took a Bible class that prompted his conclusion that whatever doubts he had about the Bible, it contained many truths about human existence. King majored in sociology, and by the end of his college career, he was contemplating either a career in law or in ministry. At the start of his senior year, King settled on becoming a minister and started acting as assistant pastor to King Sr. He applied and was accepted into Crozer Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania. He spent three years at Crozer where he excelled academicallymore so than he had at Morehouseand began to hone his preaching skills. His professors thought he would do well in a doctoral program, and King decided to attend Boston University to pursue a doctorate in theology. In Boston, King met his future wife, Coretta Scott, and in 1953, they married. King told friends that he liked people too much to become an academic, and in 1954, King moved to Montgomery, Ala., to become pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. That first year, he finished his dissertation while also building up his ministry. King earned his doctorate in June of 1955. Montgomery Bus Boycott Shortly after King finished his dissertation on Dec. 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was on a Montgomery bus when told to give up her seat to a white passenger. She refused and was arrested. Her arrest marked the beginning of the Montgomery Bus Boycott. The evening of her arrest, King received a phone call from union leader and activist E.D. Nixon, who asked King to join the boycott and host the boycott meetings at his church. King hesitated, seeking the counsel of his friend Ralph Abernathy before agreeing. That agreement catapulted King into the leadership of the civil rights movement. On Dec. 5, the Montgomery Improvement Association, the organization leading the boycott, elected King as its president. The meetings of Montgomerys African-American citizens saw the full realization of Kings oratorical skills. The boycott lasted longer than any had predicted, as white Montgomery refused to negotiate. Montgomerys black community withstood the pressure admirably, organizing car pools and walking to work if necessary. During the year of the boycott, King developed the ideas that formed the core of his non-violent philosophy, which was that the activists should, through quiet and passive resistance, reveal to the white community their own brutality and hatred. Though Mahatma Gandhi later became an influence, he initially developed his ideas out of Christianity. King explained that [t]his business of passive resistance and nonviolence is the gospel of Jesus. I went to Gandhi through him. World Traveler The bus boycott was successful in integrating Montgomerys buses by December of 1956. The year was a trying one for King; he was arrested and 12 sticks of dynamite with a burnt-out fuse were discovered on his front porch, but it also was the year that King accepted his role in the civil rights movement. After the boycott in 1957, King helped to found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, which became a key organization in the civil rights movement. King became a sought-out speaker across the South, and though he worried about peoples overweening expectations, King began the travels that would take up the rest of his life. In 1959, King traveled to India and met with Gandhis former lieutenants. India had won its independence from Great Britain in 1947 due in large part to Gandhis non-violent movement, which entailed peaceful civil resistancethat is resisting the unjust government but doing so without violence. King was impressed by the incredible success of the Indian independence movement through the employment of non-violence. When he returned, King announced his resignation from Dexter Avenue Baptist Church. He felt it was unfair to his congregation to spend so much time on civil rights activism and so little time on ministry. The natural solution was to become co-pastor with his father at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Nonviolence Put to the Test By the time King moved to Atlanta, the civil rights movement became full-fledged. College students in Greensboro, N.C., initiated the protests that formed this phase. On Feb. 1, 1960, four African-American college students, young men from North Carolina Agricultural and Technical College, went to a Woolworths lunch counter that served whites only and asked to be served. When denied service, they sat silently until the store closed. They returned for the rest of the week, kicking off a lunch-counter boycott that spread across the South. In October, King joined students at a Richs department store in downtown Atlanta. It became the occasion for another of Kings arrests. But, this time, he was on probation for driving without a Georgia license (he had retained his Alabama license when he made his move to Atlanta). When he appeared before a Dekalb County judge on the charge of trespassing, the judge sentenced King to four months hard labor. It was presidential election season, and presidential candidate John F. Kennedy called Coretta Scott to offer his support while King was in jail. Meanwhile, Robert Kennedy, though angry that the publicity of the phone call might alienate white Democrat voters from his brother, worked behind the scenes to procure Kings early release. The result was that King Sr. announced his support for the Democratic candidate. In 1961, the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), which had been formed in the wake of the Greensboro lunch-counter protests began a new initiative in Albany, Ga. Students and Albany residents began a series of demonstrations designed to integrate the citys services. Albanys police chief, Laurie Pritchett, employed a strategy of peaceful policing. He kept his police force tightly controlled, and the Albany protesters were having trouble making any headway. They called King. King arrived in December and found his non-violent philosophy tested. Pritchett told the press that he had studied Kings ideas and that non-violent protests would be countered by non-violent police work. What became apparent in Albany was the non-violent demonstrations were most effective when performed in an environment of overt hostility. As Albanys police kept peacefully jailing protesters, the civil rights movement was being denied their most effective weapon in the new age of television images of peaceful protesters being brutally beaten. King left Albany in August 1962 as Albanys civil rights community decided to shift its efforts to voter registration. Though Albany is generally considered a failure for King, it was merely road bump on the way to greater success for the non-violent civil rights movement. The Letter from Birmingham Jail In the spring of 1963, King and the SCLC took what they learned and applied it in Birmingham, Ala. The police chief there was Eugene Bull Connor, a violent reactionary lacking the political skills of Pritchett. When Birminghams African-American community started mounting protests against segregation, Connors police force responded by spraying the activists with high-pressure water hoses and unleashing police dogs. It was during the Birmingham demonstrations that King was arrested for the 13th time since Montgomery. On April 12, King went to jail for demonstrating without a permit. While in jail, he read in the Birmingham News about an open letter from white clergy, urging civil rights protesters to stand down and be patient. Kings response became known as Letter from a Birmingham Jail, a powerful essay that defended the morality of civil rights activism. King emerged from the Birmingham jail determined to win the fight there. SCLC and King made the difficult decision to allow high-school students to join the protests. Connor did not disappointthe resulting images of peaceful youths being brutally put down shocked white America. King had won a decisive victory. The March on Washington On the heels of success in Birmingham came Kings speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on Aug. 28, 1963. The march was planned to urge support for a civil rights bill, though President Kennedy had his misgivings about the march. Kennedy delicately suggested that thousands of African Americans converging on DC might hurt the chances of a bill making it through Congress, but the civil rights movement remained dedicated to the march, although they agreed to avoid any rhetoric that could be interpreted as militant. The highlight of the march was Kings speech that used the famous refrain I have a dream. King exhorted Americans, Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of Gods children. Civil Rights Laws When Kennedy was assassinated, his successor, President Lyndon B. Johnson, used the moment to push the Civil Rights Act of 1964 through Congress, which outlawed segregation. At the end of 1964, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of his success in so prominently articulating and demanding human rights. With that congressional victory in hand, King and the SCLC turned their attention next to the issue of voting rights. White Southerners since the end of Reconstruction had come up with various ways to deprive African Americans of suffrage, such as outright intimidation, poll taxes and literacy tests. In March of 1965, SNCC and SCLC tried to march from Selma to Montgomery, Ala., but were violently rebuffed by police. King joined them, leading a symbolic march that turned around before heading over the Pettus Bridge, the scene of the police brutality. Though King was criticized for that move, it presented a cooling-down period, and activists were able to complete the march to Montgomery on March 25. In the midst of the troubles at Selma, President Johnson gave a speech urging support for his voting rights bill. He ended the speech by echoing the civil rights anthem, We Shall Overcome. The speech brought tears to Kings eyes as he watched it on televisionit was the first time his closest friends had seen him cry. President Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act into law on Aug. 6. King and Black Power As the federal government endorsed the causes of the civil rights movementintegration and voting rightsKing increasingly came face-to-face with the  growing black power movement. Non-violence had been enormously effective in the South, which was segregated by law. In the North, however, African Americans faced de facto segregation, or segregation kept in place by custom, poverty due to years of discrimination, and housing patterns that were difficult to change overnight. So, despite the enormous changes coming to the South, African Americans in the North were frustrated by the slow pace of change. The black power movement addressed these frustrations. Stokely Carmichael of SNCC articulated these frustrations during a 1966 speech, Now we maintain that in the past six years or so, this country has been feeding us a thalidomide drug of integration, and that some negroes have been walking down a dream street talking about sitting next to white people; and that that does not begin to solve the problem . . . that people ought to understand that; that we were never fighting for the right to integrate, we were fighting against white supremacy. The black power movement dismayed King. As he began speaking out against the Vietnam War, he found himself having to address the issues raised by Carmichael and others, who were arguing that non-violence was not enough. He told one audience in Mississippi, Im sick and tired of violence. Im tired of the war in Vietnam. Im tired of war and conflict in the world. Im tired of shooting. Im tired of selfishness. Im tired of evil. Im not going to use violence, no matter who says it. The Poor Peoples Campaign By 1967, in addition to becoming outspoken about the Vietnam War, King also began an anti-poverty campaign. He broadened his activism to include all poor Americans, seeing the achievement of economic justice as a way to overcome the sort of segregation that existed in cities like Chicago but also as a basic human right. It was the Poor Peoples Campaign, a movement to unite all impoverished Americans regardless of race or religion. King envisioned the movement as culminating in a march on Washington in the spring of 1968. But events in Memphis interfered. In February of 1968, Memphis sanitation workers went on strike, protesting the mayors refusal to recognize their union. An old friend, James Lawson, pastor of a Memphis church, called King and asked him to come. King could not refuse Lawson or their workers who needed his help and went to Memphis at the end of March, leading a demonstration that turned into a riot. King returned to Memphis on April 3, determined to help the sanitation workers in spite of his dismay at the violence that had erupted. He spoke at a mass meeting that night, encouraging his listeners that we, as a people, will get to the Promised Land! He was staying at the Lorraine Motel, and on the afternoon of April 4, as King and other SCLC members were readying themselves for dinner, King stepped onto the balcony, waiting on Ralph Abernathy to put on some aftershave. As he stood waiting, King was shot. The hospital pronounced his death at 7:05 p.m. Legacy King was not perfect. He would have been the first to admit this. His wife, Coretta, desperately wanted to join the civil rights marches, but he insisted that she stay at home with their children, unable to break out of the rigid gender patterns of the era. He committed adultery, a fact that the FBI threatened to use against him and that King feared would make its way into the papers. But King was able to overcome his all-too-human weaknesses and lead  African Americans, and all Americans, to a better future. The civil rights movement never recovered from the blow of his death. Abernathy tried to continue the Poor Peoples Campaign without King, but he could not marshal the same support. King, however, has continued to inspire the world. By 1986,  a federal holiday  commemorating his birthday had been established. Schoolchildren study his I Have a Dream speech. No other American before or since has so clearly articulated and so determinedly fought for social justice. Sources Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954-1964. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988. Frady, Marshall. Martin Luther King. New York: Viking Penguin, 2002. Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.. New York: Vintage Books, 1988. Kotz, Nick. Lyndon Baines Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr., and the Laws that Changed America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.

How HPV causes cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

How HPV causes cancer - Essay Example Most of cancer cases that exist in the world happen because of viruses. Both DNA and RNA viruses are able to cause cancer in humans. One of the DNA viruses is Human papilloma virus (HPV)(Liao, 2006), which belongs to the family of papoviruses, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses (Levinson and Jawetz, 2000) figure 1. Human papillomavirus were discovered after cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRVP). The first investigation of HPV in human cancer was conducted in 1970s, particularly in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. (Howley, 2006). HPV usually causes benign papillomas or warts in humans (Liao, 2006). These viruses can also affect humans worldwide, especially women as they are susceptible to acquiring cervical cancer (Schiffman et al., 2007). Most studies consider these viruses as a major cause of cervical cancer. Also, these studies have identified the mechanism of cervical cancer development (Schneider, 1993; Boulet et al., 2007; Schiffman et al., 2007). This ca n explain the progression of disease. Most, if not all cases of cervical cancer occur due to the persistent infection of HPV, particularly the HPV-16 (Liao, 2006). Furthermore, HPV can be divided into several types and species such as HPV16, 18, 31, 33, 35, and 39 (Zur Hausen, 1999). Specific types of HPV linked with cervical cancer are HPV16, 18, 31 and 45 (Chumworathayi et al., 2010). The genome of the virus can encode several proteins such as (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, E7 and E8) and two capsid proteins (L1, L2). This classification depends on the types of HPV (Su et al., 2010). Cervical cancer requires particular genes to be developed, such as E6 and E7 as Boulet and his colleagues have found (Boulet et al., 2007) and that have been encoded by HPV (Howley, 2006). Once HPV enters epithelia cells and integrates in the host DNA, the malignant transformation increases by the E6 and E7 production (Liao, 2006). These genes have effects on cell cycle progression in cervical cancer. However, HPV can also play a role in aggravating other forms of cancer in humans such as head and neck tumor and skin cancers in immunocompromised individuals (Liao, 2006). Apart from cervical cancer, HPV can also cause cancer according to HPV diversity both in humans and animals. Examples are the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRVP) infection in domestic rabbits, epidermodysplasia verruciformis patient HPV5, 8, 14, Bovin paoillomavirus type 4 (BPV4), alimentary tract cancer in cattle, and Bovin papillomavirus type 1 in horses (Howley, 2006). As several studies observe the association between HPV and cervical cancer, this essay aims at discussing cancer development caused by HPV. Transmission and infection of HPV: Human papillomavirus can be transmitted in different ways both sexually and non-sexually. However, the most common transmission happens through sexual intercourse. This causes anogenital warts of type (6 and 11 HPV) which are considered low in risk with respect to many HPV types. Other types of cervical cancer such a s HPV16, 18 are responsible for about 70 % of cervical cancer and 50 % of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 (CIN3) (Schiffman et al., 2007; Smith et al., 2007). The HPV16 and 18 are considered as high risk types of HPV. Additionally, infection of HPV is usually transmitted by direct contact such as skin to skin and mucosa to mucosa, nevertheless, the likelihood of infection for each sexual intercourse is still unknown. Furthermore, several types of HPV can be transmitted collectively according to high proportion of infected women. On the other hand, men also may be infected by different types of HPV, therefore, any sexual act can quickly result in the transmission HPV types (Schiffman et al., 2007). In case of non sexual transmission, a child can acquire the infection of HPV from the mother (Castellsague et al., 2009) especially by placenta as Rombaldi and his colleagues have observed. For example, transmission from mother to the child may occur via amniotic fluid and fetal

AS Unit F911- Communication in care settings Coursework

AS Unit F911- Communication in care settings - Coursework Example The receiver must then respond to the message given to them. As an example, when the practitioner wants to convey information about a particular health situation, they may first tell the patient the condition that they have found through testing and other means. They may next send the family to a website that gives more information about the disease or condition, and they would probably provide written handouts about the disease or condition. These are all effective ways of communicating to the patient. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication, also known as body language, is a type of communication that people convey to one another on an unconscious level. This level of communication goes back and forth between two people who are talking to each other all the time. As an example, an individual may be sending a verbal message to another person. Person one is conveying the information and person two is listening. If person two does not like what person one is saying, or they ar e feeling uncomfortable with what is being said, they may cross their arms. This is a signal to the other person that something is going wrong with how person two is receiving the message. If person one recognizes the body language, they can ask the individual if they are feeling uncomfortable and they can talk more about the issue so that person two finds a better comfort level. Nonverbal communication is a system of cues from one person to another and there are fiver roles they can play (Segal, 2011): 1. Nonverbal communication can repeat a verbal message or add emphasis to it. Often, people will use hand gestures as they are trying to make a specific point which can add emphasis to what is being said. 2. Noverbal communication can contradict what an individual is trying to say. For example, the individual may be saying that they are happy about a situation when in fact, they are feeling nervous. Their eyes or the fact that they are fidgeting may show that they are uncomfortable w ith what is being said. 3. Nonverbal communication can substitute for a verbal expression. As an example, when sending a message of empathy, showing empathy with the eyes, or with a warm smile can convey more than stating how someone feels about a situation. 4. Nonverbal communication can compliment what is being said. A caregiver who rubs the back of someone who is feeling depressed while they are telling them not to worry can be comforting to the individual hearing the message of bad news. 5. Nonverbal communication can also add an accent to the communication. As an example, someone pounding their fist on the table while conveying anger would accent the message that was given. Nonverbal communication is essential to an understanding in patient care because the practitioner must understand how to read the body language of their patients and/or the family so they can better serve their needs. Verbal Communication Most people are familiar with verbal communication because it is how w e talk to each other. Verbal communication can be quiet or loud and it can serve the purpose of getting information across to a patient and/or their family members. When verbally communicating in care settings it is important to use simple language, make sure that the pace of the conversation is not too fast or slow and it is important to use short sentences (NVQ Made Simple, 2010). The reason these things are important is